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Terminology
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| Adhesive Binding |
| Glue (hot melt or water based) is applied along the backbone or spine edges of assembled, printed sheets. The book or magazine cover is then applied directly over the still tacky adhesive. Alternative term is Perfect Binding. |
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| Assembling |
| Collating individual printed sheets or signatures in a complete set with the pages in proper sequence or alignment. Assembling takes place before binding. Alternative terms are collating, gathering and inserting. |
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| Backbone |
| The exposed part of a bound volume when shelved. Also called spine and shelf back. |
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| Back Edge |
| In bookbinding, the left-hand edge of a recto, or right hand edge of a verso. This is normally the binding edge. |
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| Back Fold |
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The fold along the backs of sections through which they are sewn, stapled, glued, or otherwise fastened to each other is called a back fold.
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Bind
To fasten printed sheets or signatures with wire, thread, glue or other means.
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| Bindery |
| The finishing department of a print shop or a separate company that specializes in finishing printed products such as collating, folding, trimming and binding. Also term for all work with press sheets other than the actual printing including cutting, jogging (the process of handling press sheets to form a neater, more even stack of sheets), collating, folding and stitching. |
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| Binding |
| The process of fastening or binding the pages of a printed piece or publication in the proper order and usually with a protective cover. Many binding methods exist that can be chosen for the type of publication and/or the type of handling it will receive. |
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| Binding Edge |
| The edge of a group of sheets or pages where binding occurs. |
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| Blind Folio |
| A blank page in a book that has no page number printed on it. Generally in book publishing blank pages are not numbered. |
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| Book Block |
| Term for folded signatures that have been gathered, sewn and trimmed, but not yet covered. |
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| Book Paper |
| Paper that is suitable for books, catalogs, magazines, advertising and general printing needs. It is divided into uncoated paper (usually offset paper), coated paper (also called art paper, enamel paper, gloss paper and slick paper) and text paper. |
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| Brochure |
| A pamphlet bound in booklet form. |
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| Case |
| In bookbinding, the case is the cover of a hard-bound book. |
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| Case Bind |
| To bind by gluing signatures to a case made of binder's board covered with fabric, plastic, or leather, yielding hard cover books. Also called Hard Bind and Edition Bind. |
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| Center Spread |
| The two center pages of a signature. |
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| Cleat Bind |
| An alternate term for Side Stitch. To bind by stapling through sheets along one edge, as compared to saddle stitch. |
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| Collate |
| A finishing term for gathering or organizing printed sheets in a specified, precise order. |
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| Collating Marks |
| In printing, a set of numbered symbols printed on the folded edge of press signatures to indicate the proper collating or gathering sequence. |
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| Comb Binding |
| A type of mechanical binding in which a flexible plastic comb device holds the pages together. The comb is a plastic strip that has a series of curved plastic teeth extending from it. The teeth are inserted into drilled or punched rectangular holes along the binding edge of the pages. A standard 11" sheet would have 19 rectangular holes punched along the 11" edge. This method allows the addition or removal of pages from the book and enables the book to lie flat when it is open; however it cannot be completely folded back over on itself as in Spiral and Double Wire-O. Books up to 1 7/8" thick can be comb bound. The plastic combs are durable and available in a variety of colors. Book titles or descriptions can be printed on the spine of the plastic comb so the book can be identified when stored. Also called GBC® Bind (General Binding Corporation's brand name) and Plastic Comb Bind. |
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| Corner Marks |
| Lines on a mechanical, negative, plate, or press sheet showing the corners of a page or finished piece. |
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| Crop Marks |
| Printed lines showing where to trim a printed sheet. |
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| Crossover |
| Printing across the gutter or from one page to the facing page of a publication. |
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| Cut Flush |
| The cover is trimmed after binding so that its edges are even with the edges of the leaves. |
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| Cover Paper |
| A heavy printing paper used to cover books, make presentation folders, etc. |
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| Depth (of a book) |
| The measurement of the book at its thickest point, including the covers. |
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| Drill |
| To bore holes in paper to allow sheets to fit over posts of loose-leaf binders. |
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| Edition Bind |
| Alternate term for Case Bind. |
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| Face |
| The edge of a bound publication opposite the spine. Also called foredge. Also, an abbreviation for typeface referring to a family of a general style. |
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| Flush Cover |
| A book cover trimmed to the same size as inside text pages, as compared to overhang cover. Also called cut flush. |
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| Fold |
| A bend in any flexible material, such as paper, that is made by turning a sheet over upon itself, such as to fold a sheet in half. The fold along the backs of sections through which they are sewn, stapled, glued, or otherwise fastened to each other is called a back fold. |
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| Fold Dummy |
| A sample mock-up that shows page sequence, signature arrangement, orientation, binding edge and side edges. |
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| Fold Marks |
| Printed markings to show where folds are to be placed, usually located at the top edges. |
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| Folder |
| A piece of bindery equipment used to fold printed flat sheets into folded products. Also a device at the end of the press or collator that is used to fanfold continuous forms. |
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| Folding |
| The operation to bend a printed sheet in a specific area so the sheet can be formed into a signature, pamphlet, brochure, booklet, map or any other type of product requiring this process. |
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| Foldout |
| A page larger than trim size that is folded one or more times to fit into a book or magazine. Examples are maps and charts. A common folding format for this is gatefold and another term is pullout. |
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| Fold Resistance |
| The ability of paper to withstand multiple foldings before breaking. |
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| Folio |
| A sheet folded once to make two leaves or four pages. Also the printing term for pagination, which is the system of numbering pages. Folio can also refer to the actual page number in a publication. |
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| Form |
| Term for each side of a signature. Also spelled forme. Also the assembly of pages and other images for a single plate on a press. When printed and folded, the form is called a signature. |
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| Format |
| The size, style, shape, type, page, margins, layout, printing requirements and organization of a printed piece. |
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| Gatefold or Gate Fold |
| Both edges of an oversize page are folded in parallel toward the gutter in overlapping layers to produce a center spread. |
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| Gather |
| To assemble signatures, next to each other, in the proper sequence for binding. |
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| Gathered |
| Signatures of a book have been assembled next to each other in the proper sequence for binding. This is different from nested in which signatures are assembled inside one another. Also called stacked. |
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| GBC® Binding |
| General Binding Corporation's trade name for plastic comb binding, a type of mechanical binding in which the teeth of a flexible plastic comb material are inserted through rectangular holes punched along the edge of a stack of paper. See Comb Binding and Plastic Comb Binding. |
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| Grind Edge |
| Alternate term for the binding edge of perfect bound books. So named because a portion of the spine of the gathered signatures or sheets is abraded or "ground off" to facilitate and optimize adhesion between the binding adhesive and paper. |
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| Grindoff |
| In perfect binding, term for the approximately 1/8" (3 mm) along the spine that is abraded or "ground off" the gathered signatures or sheets before applying the binding adhesive. |
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| Gutter |
| In books, the channel and combined marginal (blank) space formed from the two inner or back margins of facing pages. |
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| Gutter Margin |
| The margin space available along the binding edge. |
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| Hard Bind |
| An alternate term for Case Bind. |
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| Head |
| The top of a page or book, film, photo, etc. |
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| Head Margin |
| The white space above the first line of a page. |
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| Height (of a book) |
| The vertical dimension of a book as it sits upright on its tail. |
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| High Folio |
| All pages falling behind the centerspread of a form. |
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| Imposition |
| Refers to the arrangement of pages on mechanicals or press sheets, which when sheets are printed on both sides, folded, trimmed and bound, will put the pages in the correct sequence. |
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| Lap |
| Excess paper located on the high or low folio (folded sheet) used for binding and saddle stitching. Usually carries signature identification (ID) markings. |
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| Lap Glue |
| Lap glue is a generic term to describe hot melt adhesive or cold glue which is applied in the perfect binding process inside the front and back cover, near the spine, to produce a hinge effect on the covers. |
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| Loop Stitch |
| To saddle stitch with staples that also have loops to slip over rings of binders, which allows a booklet to be saddle stitched and inserted into a loose-leaf binder without drilling or punching holes in the paper. |
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| Low Folio |
| All pages falling in front of the center spread of a form. |
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| Leaf |
| A single sheet of paper in a publication. Each side of a leaf is one page. Also in folding, leaf refers to each flap or section of a folded sheet of paper (for example a sheet folded once has two leaves). |
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| Leaf Attachment |
| The means by which leaves of a textblock are attached one to another along the binding edge. |
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| Leaves |
| The pages of a book. |
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| Looseleaf Binding |
| A mechanical binding method allowing insertion and removal of pages in a binder. The pages are fastened together by means of inserting the binder's metal rings or poles into drilled or punched holes along the binding edge of the pages. |
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| Margin |
| The blank space around the edges of a page outside the printed or written matter. The four margins on a typical book page are commonly called: 1) top or head margin; 2) bottom, tail, or lower margin; 3) fore edge, outer or outside margin; and 4) back, inner, inside, or gutter margin. Margins (unprinted areas) also occur between columns of print, for example in a newspaper or magazine. |
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| Mechanical Bind |
| To fasten pre-trimmed sheets using metal or plastic attachments such as comb, coil, ring binder and post inserted through punched or drilled holes in paper or any other technique not requiring gluing, sewing or stitching. Examples are GBC®, Spiral Wire, Double Wire-O / Twin Loop and Plasticoil. |
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| Nested |
| Term for signatures assembled inside one another in the proper sequence for binding. Differs from gathered signatures in which signatures are stacked next to each other in the proper sequence for binding. Also called inset. |
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| Notch Binding |
| The gouging of grooves (commonly 1/4" wide) in the spine of a book block to facilitate the penetration of adhesive during subsequent perfect binding. |
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| Oblong |
| In binding, a booklet or catalog bound on the shorter dimension. |
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| Overhand Cover |
| A book cover that is larger than the pages it encloses. |
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| Page Count |
| The total number of pages, including blanks and printed pages without numbers, which a publication contains. Also called extent. |
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| Pages per inch (PPI) |
| Number of pages per inch of thickness of a bound publication. Each leaf or sheet of paper has two pages because they are printed on front and back. |
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| PPI |
| An abbreviation for pages per inch. |
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| Page |
| Term for one side of a leaf in a publication. |
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| Page Proof |
| A proof of type and graphics as they will appear on the finished page complete with elements such as headings, rules and folios. |
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| Pagination |
| The process of assembling type with other line copy and dividing text blocks and other page elements to create pages. If done by hand, it is called makeup or paste-up. If done electronically, it is called computer aided pagination (CAP). In the book arena, it also refers to the numbering of pages. |
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| Paper Dummy |
| An unprinted sample of a proposed printed piece that uses the specified paper for the job and has been trimmed, folded and, if required, bound. |
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| Paperback |
| A book with a flexible paper cover that is typically adhesive bound. |
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| Perfect Binding |
| A type of binding where after the printed signatures or individual sheets have been collated, the back of the binding edge or spine is ground down or roughed up, coated with a fast drying glue to hold the pages together and then affixed to a cover with a flexible adhesive. This creates a squared off back and is commonly used for paperback books and magazines. Also known as adhesive bind, cut-back bind, glue bind, paper bind, patent bind, perfecting bind, soft bind and soft cover. |
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| Plastic Comb Binding |
| A type of mechanical binding in which a flexible plastic comb device holds the pages together. The comb is a plastic strip that has a series of curved plastic teeth extending from it. The teeth are inserted into drilled or punched rectangular holes along the binding edge of the pages. A standard 11" sheet would have 19 rectangular holes punched along the 11" edge. This method allows the addition or removal of pages from the book and enables the book to lie flat when it is open, however it cannot be completely folded back on itself, or 360 degrees, as in Spiral and Double Wire-O. Books up to 1 7/8" thick can be plastic comb bound. The plastic combs are durable and available in a variety of colors. Book titles or descriptions can be printed on the spine of the plastic comb so the book can be identified when stored. Also called GBC® bind (General Binding Corporation's brand name) and Comb bind. |
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| Pocket-Volume |
| A book with a cover that has an inside pocket to hold loose or unbound items. |
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| Post Bind |
| To bind using a screw and post inserted through holes that are punched or drilled in a stack of loose sheets. |
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| Printer Spreads |
| Mechanicals made so they are imposed for printing, as compared to reader spreads. A four page brochure would have pages 1 and 4 on one printer spread and pages 2 and 3 on another. |
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| Punching |
| To punch or shear. |
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| Punching Die |
| A die that punches holes in paper or other printing substrate and can be done before or after printing. |
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| Punching Press |
| Machine used to punch holes in paper or other printing substrate, which can be done before or after printing. |
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| Recto |
| The right-hand page of an open book, usually bearing the odd page number. |
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| Right-Angle Fold |
| In binding, a term for two or more folds at 90 degree angles to each other. Also, a folding sequence in which each fold is at a right angle to the fold preceding it, such as a French Fold. |
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| Running head or foot |
| Title or other information at the top (head) or bottom (foot) of every page of a publication. |
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| Reader Spread |
| Mechanicals made in two page spreads as readers would see the pages, as compared to printer spread for imposition on the printing press. An eight-page brochure would have pages 2 and 3 on one reader spread and pages 4 and 5 on another. This differs from printer spreads that would have pages 2 and 7 on one and pages 3 and 6 on another. |
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| Saddle Stitching |
| A method of binding where the folded pages are opened at the fold line and fastened together using wire staples through the fold line from the outside, as compared to side stitching. Usually limited to 64 pages. So named because the folded signatures ride on a saddle line in the binding operation. Also called Pamphlet Stitch, Saddle Wire and Stitch Bind. |
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| Selective Binding |
| Term for the placement of signatures or inserts in magazines or catalogs according to demographic or geographic guidelines. |
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| Self Cover |
| A publication made entirely of the same paper, with text stock for both the cover and pages. This allows the cover to be printed simultaneously with the inside pages and is generally only used on booklets and smaller publications. |
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| Sew |
| To use thread to fasten signatures together at the spine of a book. |
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| Sewn Soft Cover Binding |
| A method of binding paperback or soft cover books that are sewn onto the pages of a book rather than using adhesive or wire binding. |
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| Show-through |
| The undesirable condition when the printing on the reverse side of a sheet is visible under normal lighting conditions on the front side of the sheet. The effect can be reduced by using a paper with higher opacity. |
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| Side Stitch |
| A method of binding by stapling through sheets along one edge, as compared to saddle stitch. Also called Cleat Stitch and Side Wire. |
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| Signature |
| In printing, any single press sheet on which multiple pages have been imposed which, when folded and cut, forms a group of pages or section of a book. Most books and other publications are printed as groups of signatures, the multiple imposition allowing a significant reduction in the number of independent pressruns required to print all pages. The term can also refer to a letter or figure printed on the first page of each section of a book that is used as a guide when collating and binding. |
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| Signatures |
| Two or more printed sheets that are stacked and folded as a group. |
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| Soft Bind |
| Another term for Perfect Bind. |
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| Soft Cover |
| Publication that is bound without a case; usually perfect bound, but also sewn and bound with a paper cover. |
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| Spine |
| Term for the binding or back edge of a book or publication. Also called backbone in case bound books. |
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| Spiral Binding |
| Mechanical binding method that consists of a continuous spiral wire or plastic that is inserted through drilled or punched holes along the binding edge of the pages. Allows the book to lay flat when open and to be folded completely back on itself. Also referred to as Coil Binding. |
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| Spread |
| Two pages that face each other and designed as one visual artboard or production unit. Also the printing technique of slightly enlarging the size of a lighter colored image to accomplish a hairline trap or overlap with a darker colored background image. Alternate name is fatty. |
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| Stitch Bind |
| To bind with wire staples. |
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| Stitching |
| A binding process that uses a roll of wire on a machine that creates a staple to bind several sheets together. Stitching allows for a larger quantity of sheets to be bound than traditional stapling. |
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| Tail |
| The bottom portion of the backbone of a bound volume. |
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| Textblock |
| The pages of a book, sewn or adhered into one unit. |
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| Trim Marks |
| Similar to crop or register marks. These marks show where to trim the printed sheet. |
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| Trim Size |
| The final size of one printed image after the last trim has been done. |
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| Tumble |
| The printing on the front and back of a sheet is arranged so the top of one page is opposite the bottom of the other. When reading, you turn the sheet over from top to bottom. Also referred to as head-to-tail or head-to-toe. |
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| Two-page Spread |
| Two pages side by side either in bindery, printer, or reader spreads. |
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| Twin Loop Binding |
| Alternate name for type of wire binding that uses a double set of wire loops inserted into punched or drilled holes along the binding edge of a set of pages. Allows the book to lay flat when open and to be folded completely back on itself. Also known as Wire-O or Double Wire-O Binding. |
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| Undersized Stitching |
| Automated saddle stitching can be as small as 3" x 3 7/8" one-up and 3" x 3" two-up. Classic Laminations can do undersized stitching. |
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| Verso |
| The left-hand page in an open book, usually bearing the even page number. |
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| Wire-O Binding or Double Wire-O Binding |
| The trade name for a type of wire binding that uses a double set of wire loops inserted into punched or drilled holes along the binding edge of a set of pages. Allows the book to lay flat when open and to be folded completely back on itself. Also known as Twin Loop. |
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| Wire Stitching |
| Most commonly known as either Saddle Stitching or Side Wire Stitching. |
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